关于汉译英中需要注意的几个特殊问题
更新时间: 点击:133 所属栏目:新闻中心 Update Time: Hits:133 Belong Column:Omar News金年会娱乐官网首页说不同的民族有不同的习气和表达方法。一句话,一个词,在一个国家表达的是善意,引起人们好的联想和情感,在另一个国家传达的或许是坏意,引起人们欠好的联想和情感。假如翻译不注意,就有或许引起误解或不快。而假如咱们注意这些差异,在译文中加以运用,就能够收到较好的作用。在翻译不触及政治、经济等重要问题,只触及生活习气、日常用语时,能够更灵敏些,依照译入语的习气说法表达意思。
1、碰头问好
我国人碰头时喜爱问:吃过了吗? Have you had breakfast(lunch, supper)?到哪去?Where are you going?这都不是外国人在碰头问好时会问的问题。假如碰头就问外国人“到哪里”,人家会以为你要了解人家的私事,对你会发生恶感。外国人喜爱问:“你好吗?”这句话能够有不少表达方法,如How are you? How do you do ?How have you been doing? Hello! Hey!等。用哪一句来表达你的问好,取决于你与被问好人的关系密切程度。总归,这一类的问好语,直译或许会让人感到不可思议,还是按外国人的习气翻译较好。
2、对患者的问好
我国人喜爱对患者深表怜惜。但外国人则容易不愿表现出其弱的一面,对他们表达过火怜惜的话未必会收到好的作用。例如:我国人在传闻一个人生病后或许会说:得知贵体欠佳,深感不安和关切。直译:I was rather disturbed by and concerned about your illness.但这样翻译会使感到病况很重,只能加重患者的顾忌,达不到安慰患者的目的。依照英文的表达习气,可译为:I am sorry to hear about your illness and wish you a speedy recovery.这样翻译既表达了说话者的难过心境,又表达了希望患者尽快康复的希望。
在受到表彰或感谢时,我国人往往比较谦虚,会说:“这没什么。”“这是我应该做的。”或许,“哪里,哪里,我还做得很差。”假如直译:It is nothing. This is my duty. This is what I should do. Well, I have not done very well. There is still much to be improved.所有这些谦恭的话,在外国人听起来,都会显得造作。西方人通常会说:It’s my pleasure.
Thank you for your kind words. I feel flattered.翻译这些话时,宜根据西方的习气来译。
4、迎候外宾时
金年会娱乐官网首页认为我国人迎候远道而来的客人时常常会说:“一路上辛苦了。累不累?”You must have been tired after the long flight(journey)而外国人喜爱在别人面前显得年轻、有朝气,不喜爱被人认为体弱,或有疲劳感。因此,上述问好话直译作用欠好,可译成:How was the flight? Have you had a pleasant flight?或许You have had a long flight.
二、不行委婉的语气
有时有人说话比较直率、冒失,直译或许会使人感到不太谦让,甚至会失礼。舌人应学习委婉说法,在翻译时掌握好语气。但为交际斗争需要而运用互不相让的言语除外。
例1 我国可作为贵国资源性产品的安稳商场,一起我国的许多工业产品可满足贵国商场的需要。
直译:Your resource-based products can find a stable market in China and Chinese industrial products can meet the needs of your market.这么直译或许会让人忧虑,以为咱们的工业品要去占据他们的商场。同样的意思能够翻得更谦让一些。如:You may find a stable market in China for your primary products and may also get a number of industrial products from China to meet some of your needs.
例2 我想向大家介绍一下你们所关怀的经济问题。
直译:I wish to talk on China’s economic development in which you are interested.这样翻译,显得说话者太肯定听众会对他所讲内容感爱好。尽管说话者知道听众是有爱好的,但说得谦让一点作用更好。可译为:I would like to brief you on China’s economic development, which might be of interest to you.
别的,咱们打交道的人大多很有教养,咱们必须学会运用礼貌文雅的言语,否则,会发生距离、恶感,然后失掉朋友,有损我形象。
1974年,加拿大“白求恩留念委员会”访华代表团中有一位团员对我接待官员说,我方翻译像警察,原因是那天早晨,翻译到他房间对他说:You have breakfast at 8, get your luggage downstairs at 8:30 and leave here for the airport at 9.OK?言语简单、僵硬、不礼貌,给外宾留下了欠好的形象。
主张对外宾说:Breakfast is at 8. Would you please get your luggage downstairs at 8:30?we are going to leave here for the airport at 9.
曾有一位女翻译招呼外宾时,大声喊叫“Hello”而不知道说:"Excuse me",在宣告工作时总是:Attention please.而不是说:Ladies and Gentlemen, may I have your attention please.结果一位外宾对此感到不快,说:I don’t want to talk to that wild girl.要人帮助时,咱们时常会说:你能告诉我到×××当地怎么走吗?你能说英语吗?等。假如英文译成:Can you tell me how to get to……?Can you speak English?那将是很不谦让的问话。对方会以为你置疑他的才能。由于英文字can表示才能。假如改为could,含义就不同了。能够译为:Could you please tell me how to get……? Do you speak English?一个陌生人问你如何去某地时,你很或许传说:“最好坐公共轿车去。”如将这句话译为You’d better take a bus,听起来不行礼貌。由于You’d better……这个句型含有You have a duty to do something,或You have an obligation to…的意思。是一种命令语气,常用于后辈或下属。因此,这样翻译不行礼貌。这句话有许多谦让的表达方法。